Nov. 10, 1952: Citizen-Soldiers of the Georgia National Guard Respond to Wildfires

By Maj. William Carraway

Historian, Georgia Army National Guard

 

Left: The cover of the November 1952 edition of the Georgia Guardsman Magazine depicts Citizen-Soldiers from Canton battling wildfires near Ellijay.
Right: The units dispatched to fight the wildfires of 1952 currently serve in the Calhoun-based 1st Squadron, 108th Cavalry Regiment.

For more than 100 years, the Georgia National Guard has served overseas and at home in times of emergency. Whether responding to natural disasters, providing personnel for overseas contingency operations or participating in the state’s coordinated response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Georgia’s Citizen-Soldiers and Airmen have responded in time of need.

In 1952, following six weeks of severe drought wildfires erupted in north Georgia. Fueled by high winds, the fires scorched more than 60,000 acres. By November, the fires were burning out of control and the Governor of Georgia turned to the National Guard for assistance. Citizen-Soldiers of the Dalton-based Company H, 122^nd Infantry Regiment and Company G, 122^nd Infantry based in Canton reported to their home armories and rushed to the scene of the wildfires November 6. Major General Ernest Vandiver, Georgia’s Adjutant General also activated medical units in Calhoun and Atlanta to be prepared to provided treatment for Soldiers and civilians.

The Dalton-based Company H, 122nd Infantry Regiment, 48th Infantry Division, Georgia Army National Guard at annual training at Fort Jackson
July 23 to August 6, 1950. Today, the unit is designated Troop C, 1st Squadron, 108th Cavalry Regiment. Georgia National Guard archives.

Assisting State Forestry Department officials, the Guardsmen labored to construct firebreaks to prevent the spread of the fires. Additional personnel manned mobile kitchens preparing meals for the Guardsmen, state employees and volunteers.

On November 10, the fires were brought under control. After four wearying days the Guardsmen returned to their armories and resumed their civilian jobs.[1]

Today, Canton and Dalton are home to Troops B and C of the 1^st Squadron 108^th Cavalry.

 

First Sgt. William Bookout holds a formation for the Canton-based Troop B, 108th Cavalry Nov. 26, 2018. The following month
the unit deployed to Afghanistan with the 48th IBCT. Photo by Maj. William Carraway

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[1] “122^nd Guardsmen Fight Forest Fires in North Georgia.” The Georgia Guardsman. November 1952, 10.

A History of Battery C, 1st Battalion 214th Field Artillery Regiment

By Maj. William Carraway, Historian, Georgia Army National Guard

 

 

Left: Members of Waynesboro’s Battery D, 101st AAA Battalion disassemble a 90-millimeter antiaircraft artillery gun at Camp Stewart
where they are undergoing two weeks of field training in July 1949. Right: Flames erupt from the muzzle of a Georgia Army National Guard
howitzer of Battery C, 1-214th Field Artillery during live-fire training at Fort Stewart in March, 2016. Photo by Capt. William Carraway

Early History

Battery C was originally organized February 5, 1890 as the Burke Light Infantry.[1] On July 5, 1916, the unit, then serving as Company E, 1^st Georgia Infantry Regiment, was mobilized to the Mexican Border. The company served in El Paso, Texas before returning to Georgia in April 1917. Remaining in federal service, the company was redesignated Headquarters Battery, 118^th Field Artillery Regiment September 23, 1917 and on October 1 was redesignated Battery C, 118^th FA.[2] The unit mobilized to France with the 31^st Infantry Division in October 1918 but arrived too late to take an active part in combat operations during World War I.

CAMP WHEELER, Macon, Ga. February 21, 1918 – Members of the 118th Field Artillery Regiment conduct “Butts Manual Drill” (rifle PT)
at Camp Wheeler. Photo 5485, National Archives Records Administration (NARA), College Park, Md.

The battery was reorganized in Waynesboro June 18, 1924 as Battery A, 118^th Field Artillery Regiment, a unit of the 30^th Division.[3] On December 1, 1934, the 118^th was converted from horse-drawn artillery unit and received trucks for its towed 75mm howitzers.[4] In 1939, on the eve of World War I, the unit’s command team consisted of Capt. William J. Hatcher and 1^st Sgt. Wister Black.

World War II

Ordered into federal service September 16, 1940, Battery A mobilized to Fort Jackson, S.C. for initial training with other units of the 30th Infantry Division. In June, the 30th ID mobilized for the Tennessee Maneuvers which put the Soldiers of the 118th in the field training until August 1941 when they returned to Fort Jackson.[5] That fall, the 118th departed for the Carolina Maneuvers, a massive training exercise conducted in North and South Carolina. During the maneuvers, the 30th Infantry Division was part of the I Corps, First Army.[6]

At the conclusion of the maneuvers, the 118th returned to Fort Jackson and in the summer of 1942 traded its 75 mm guns for 105 mm towed howitzers. In October the 118th traveled to Camp Blanding Fla., where it conducted training with the new weapons systems through May 1943. A training stint at Camp Gordon followed after which the battalion mobilized to Camp Tick, Tenn., where the battalion tackled field problems and maneuvers. This training rotation ran through November 1943 when the 118th was dispatched to Camp Atterbury, Indiana. Here, the battalion honed its expertise with the howitzer in preparation for deployment to the European Theater. In February 1944 the battalion was transported by rail to Camp Miles Standish, Mass. From there, the 118th set sail for England on the John T. Erickson on February 12, 1944.[7]

The 118th was in camp in England on June 6, 1944 when Operation Overlord was launched. Six days later, the 118th left camp just after 3:00 in the morning and arrived 12-hours later at a marshaling point near Dorchester.[8] Battery C loaded onto Landing Ship Tank 30 along with Headquarters Battery for transport to the continent and arrived the next day.

The 1st Battalion 118th Field Artillery Regiment unloads equipment on Omaha Beach June 13, 1944.

On June 13, 1944, the first elements of the 118th Field Artillery Battalion went ashore on Omaha Beach. Reaching a position near Neuilly, France, the Soldiers of the 118th established their first firing positions in an orchard outside of town. Three days later, an observation post overlooking the Vire Et Taute Canal called in a fire mission which was routed to one of the howitzers of Battery C. Thus, on the afternoon of June 16, 1944, with the pull of lanyard cord, Battery C fired the first round of the war for the 118^th. Battery C and the 118th Field Artillery served with the 30^th Division from France to Germany earning four Meritorious Unit Commendations. For their actions at the Battle of Mortain, the 118^th received the Presidential Unit Citation.

Post War Reorganization and the Korean War

BG Paul Stone January 1963

Following the post-World War II reorganization of the Georgia National Guard, The former Battery C, 118^th FA was reestablished in Waynesboro as Battery D, 101^st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion assigned to the Winder-based 108^th Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade. The 101^st was called to active federal service on August 14, 1950 with other units of the 108th AAA.[9] With a combined strength of just over 1,000 men, the 108th was dispatched to Fort Bliss Texas and assigned to the 8th U.S. Army. In November 1951, the 108th was dispatched to the Midwest and the 101st was garrisoned at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. From there, the batteries of the 101^st were assigned to protect the skies over cities and industrial centers of the Midwest with Battery D protecting the skies over Chicago.

The Waynesboro Battery remained in position through April 1952 with Capt. Paul Stone in command. After demobilizing at Camp McCoy, the 101st returned home. Over the next seven years, the Waynseboro battery earned six consecutive superior ratings and Stone received the Georgia Distinctive Service Medal and promotion to major.[10] After a brief tenure on the staff of the 108th AAA, Stone transferred to the Georgia Air National Guard. He retired in 1971 as a brigadier general having served eight years as commander of the Ga. ANG.[11]

 

The Berlin Crisis

On July 1, 1959 Battery D was reorganized as Company B, 111^th Signal Battalion.[12] Later that year, Company B became the first unit of the Georgia National Guard to receive a live video broadcast which was sent from Fort Gordon, Ga.[13] The battalion conducted annual training at Fort Gordon June 26-July 10 1960 and July 16-30, 1961.

FORT GORDON, Ga. November 30, 1959 - Major General George Hearn, Georgia's Adjutant General, and Brig. Gen. David P. Gibbs,
commanding general of the Signal Training Center conduct the first live telecast sent to National Guardsmen during training.
More than two hours of live and video taped messages were transmitted from Fort Gordon to the Waynesboro, Ga. Armory of Company B,
 111th Signal Battalion. Georgia National Guard Archives.

In August 1961, after months of tension between the United States and Soviet Union the Soviets blocked the lines of communication into Berlin, isolating the city and began construction of the Berlin Wall. In response, President Kennedy activated 156,000 Guard and Reservists and dispatched two additional Army divisions to Europe. While several units of the Georgia National Guard were placed on alert the 111^th Signal Battalion was the only one called to active federal service. The 111th reported for active-duty October 15th and departed by train for Fort Meade, Md. October 25th.[14]

Guardsmen of Waynesboro-based Company B 111th Signal Battalion. Georgia National Guard Archives.

Arriving at Fort Meade the next day, the 111th replaced an active-duty signal battalion which had been mobilized to Europe. Within 24 hours, the Berlin Crisis reached new heights as U.S. and Soviet tanks faced each other with live ammunition at Checkpoint Charlie, a crossing point between East and West Berlin. Ultimately, Kennedy and Khruschev, speaking through intermediaries, agreed to deescalate the situation and the tanks were withdrawn.

Unaware of how close the United States had come to the brink of war, the 111th settled into their new environment at Fort Meade. In addition to their regular duties, the 111th trained aggressively for possible deployment, conducted field problems and became more proficient in switchboard operation and the emerging technology of television.

In May, 1962, the 111th Signal Battalion participated in Operation Wet Horse II, a U.S. Army amphibious assault exercise designed to test the capability of reserve units to conduct large-scale landing operations. Cameras of the 111th Signal Battalion covered the operation as tanks of the 150th Armored Cavalry Regiment drove ashore from landing craft piloted by the U.S. Army Reserve’s 231st Transportation Company. Images of these landings were prominently featured in U.S. and European newspapers and conveyed the resolve of the United States’ position in Berlin.

FORT MILES, Del., May, 1962 - A jeep with a trailer slashes through the surf as it disembarks from an Army landing craft at Fort Miles during
Exercise Wet Horse II. It will be followed by an M-48 Patton tank.  Photo by Georgia Army National Guard, 111th Signal Battalion, Photo Platoon.
  Image courtesy of National Guard Educational Foundation, Washington, D.C.

On August 9, 1962, their mission complete, the Georgia Guardsmen of the 111th Signal Battalion boarded charter aircraft for the flight home. Landing at Bush Field in Augusta, the 111th received a hero’s welcome. Major Gen. Hearn greeted each Guardsman as they departed the aircraft then read a special citation from Governor Ernest Vandiver commending the Soldiers for their” loyalty and sacrifices made in the national interest.”[15]

Reorganization, the 48^th AD and Return to Artillery Mission

The 1963 reorganization of the Georgia Army National Guard prompted the conversion of Company B to form Company C, 3^rd Battalion, 121^st Infantry Regiment.[16] The conversion brought the company under the 48^th Armor Division. This command relationship held through the December 1967 inactivation of the 48^th AD whereupon the unit was converted to its present designation, Battery C, 214^th FA, and equipped with self-propelled 155mm howitzers.[17]

Soldiers of Battery C were among the 500 Georgia Guardsmen activated in response to the winter snowstorm of February 10-11, 1973. The Waynesboro Guardsmen responded to more than 200 calls for assistance and delivered 18 stranded motorists to the Waynesboro Armory for shelter where they provided them blankets, lodging and meals.[18]

FORT STEWART, Ga. July 1974 - Georgia National Guard Soldiers of Battery C, 1st Battalion 214th Artillery of Waynesboro, Ga. receive a briefing
before a firing mission at annual training at Fort Stewart, Ga. Georgia National Guard Archives.

The Waynesboro Battery mobilized to Norway for annual training as part of the NATO Composite Force in 1992, 1994 and 1996.[19] Operating more than 300 miles north of the Arctic Circle, the artillerymen of the 1-214^th trained in a region that had previously been the target of Russian invasion. Within weeks of their return from Norway in 1994, the Waynesboro Guardsmen were deployed in response to Tropical Storm Alberto which caused widespread flooding in South Georgia in July 1994.

In 1998 the 214^th received the M-109A6 Paladin, the most advanced self-propelled howitzer in the Army inventory. The Paladins replaced the older model M109A3 Howitzers.[20]

The War on Terror to Present

ATLANTA, April 26, 2014 - Specialist Jonathan Mathews of Battery C, 1-214th Field Artillery is honored by Governor Nathan Deal during
a ceremony following the return of the unit from Afghanistan. Georgia National Guard archives.

The 214^th was activated March 20, 2003 for service in Iraq. After arriving at Fort Bragg the battalion’s mission was changed to support Operation Noble Eagle which encompassed state-side security operations. Soldiers of Battery C were among the nearly 500 Soldiers mobilized and were the last to return from mobilization in January 2004.[21]

Battery C mobilized to Iraq in June 2007 following a train up at Fort Bliss and assumed the detainee security mission at Camp Bucca. The unit returned to Georgia June 2, 2008.[22]  

In 2013, the 1-214^th again mobilized overseas to provide base defense operations in western Afghanistan. As part of the mission the 1-214^th secured entry control points, provided flight line security and patrolled an area of 315 square kilometers.[23]

FORT STEWART, Ga. March 16, 2016 – Battery C, 1-214th Field Artillery conducting live-fire training. Photo by Capt. William Carraway.

In 2020, Battery C relocated from Waynesboro to Ellenwood.[24] The following year the unit added to its long history over overseas mobilizations with personnel and howitzers participating in Exercise African Lion in Morocco in June 2021.

 

The guidon of the Ellenwood-based Battery C, 1st Battalion, 214th Field Artillery, 648th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, stands at the ready during
M109A6 Paladin howitzer training during African Lion 2021 at Cap Draa, Morocco, June 16, 2021. Photo by Sgt. Nathan Baker.

 

The battery guidon of the Ellenwood-based Charlie Battery, 1st Battalion, 214th Field Artillery, 648th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, Georgia Army National Guard, stands at the ready during M109A6 Paladin howitzer training during African Lion 2021 at Cap Draa, Morocco, June 16, 2021. Photo by Sgt. Nathan Baker.

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[1] Annual Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Georgia and Official Register of the National Guard for the Year 1920. (Atlanta: Chas. P. Byrd) 169.

[2] Annual Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Georgia and Official Register of the National Guard for the Year 1920. (Atlanta: Chas. P. Byrd) 169.

[3] Center for Military History. “Roster, Federally Recognized National Guard Units. (Parts 1 and 2) 1917.” Unpublished manuscript, 1925, typescript.

[4] Center for Military History. “Form 3-10955 Battery A 118^th FA (typescript)”

[5] Gordon Burns Smith. History in Action: 118th Field Artillery, 30th Infantry Division 1942-1945, 2nd Edition. (Washington, D.C.: Florida “Gator” Chapter, 1988) 8.

[6] Christopher R. Gabel. The U.S. Army GHQ Maneuvers of 1941. (Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1992) 200.

[7] Gordon Burns Smith. History in Action: 118th Field Artillery, 30th Infantry Division 1942-1945, 2nd Edition. (Washington, D.C.: Florida “Gator” Chapter, 1988) 19.

[8] Gordon Burns Smith. History in Action: 118th Field Artillery, 30th Infantry Division 1942-1945, 2nd Edition. (Washington, D.C.: Florida “Gator” Chapter, 1988) 33.

[9] Renee Hylton. Where Are We Going: The National Guard and the Korean War 1950-1953, 51.

[10] “Brig. Gen. Paul S. Stone Becomes Asst. Adj. Gen. for Air.” Georgia Guardsman, January 1963, 5.

[11] “Retirements.” Georgia Guardsman, May 1974, 20.

[12] RA 73-59 June 10, 1959 effective July 1, 1959.

[13] “Closed-Circuit Telecasts Beamed to 111^th Sig BN.” Georgia Guardsman, Oct-Nov-Dec 1959, 8.

[14] “President Mobilizes Georgia Guard’s 111^th Signal Battalion.” Georgia Guardsman. Oct, Nov, Dec 1961, 4-5.

[15] “Signal Battalion Returns to Georgia After Ft. Meade Duty.” Georgia Guardsman, July-August 1962, 8-9.

[16] RA 57-63 March 21, 1963 effective April 16, 1963.

[17] RA 71-67 December 14, 1967 effective January 1, 1968.

[18] “Guardsmen Rescue Georgians and Travelers.” Georgia Guardsman, March April 1973, 2-4.

[19] “Ga. Guard Spans Globe for Annual Training.” Georgia Guardsman, March 1993, 5.

[20] Building for the New Century: The Georgia Department of Defense in 1998. (Atlanta: 1998) 7.

[21] First Friday Briefing, February 7, 2004.

[22] First Friday Briefing, June 2008, 1 and 15.

[23] Jasmine Jacobs. “Welcome Home Granite Battalion. Georgia Guardsman, January 2014, 3.

[24] OA 133-20 September 29, 2020 effective May 25, 2020.

A History of the 221st Expeditionary Military Intelligence Battalion

By Maj. William Carraway, Historian, Georgia Army National Guard

 

Left: The distinctive unit insignia of the 221st. Right: Soldiers of the 221st Expeditionary Military Intelligence Battalion during a change
of command ceremony July 10, 2021. Photo by photo by Pfc. Princess Higgins

Headquarters Company, 221^st Miliary Intelligence Battalion was organized at Fort Gillem September 1, 1997.[1] The 221^st was originally comprised of a headquarters company, Company A and B at Fort Gillem and Company C at Newnan. On February 1, 1999, Company C was redesignated Company H, 121^st Infantry.[2] Headquarters Company was federally recognized October 1, 1999 while Companies A and B received federal recognition December 12, 2001.[3]

On June 6, 1999, the 221^st made history as Lt. Col. Maria Britt assumed command as the first female battalion commander in the history of the Georgia Army National Guard. Britt assumed command of the 400-member battalion during a ceremony at the Fort Gillem Enclave.[4]

Sergeant Amberly Dawn Boyle of Company B, 221st assists during the evacuation of Pvt. Jessica Lynch at Ramstein Air Base in Germany
 in 2003. Boris Roessler, AFP

Originally assigned to the 78^th Troop Command, the 221^st MI proved its capability early in the Global War on Terror with personnel placed on alert September 15, 2001. Less than two weeks later the 221^st was supporting security operations at Hartsfield International Airport.[5] The 221^st would go on to complete six deployments to Iraq through 2006. Sergeant Amberly Dawn Boyle, a medic assigned to Company B, 221^st was one of the personnel assigned to the treatment of former POW Pvt. Jessica Lynch as she was transferred from an Air Force C-17 aircraft at Ramstein Air Base in Germany in 2003. During its  2006 deployment, the 221^st submitted more than 2,000 intelligence reports in support of Task Force Phantom which was the first reconnaissance task force to successfully identify insurgent smuggling routs in the western deserts of Iraq.[6]

Staff Sgt. Barry Long (left) and Chaplain Maj. Eduardo Docampo of the 221st Military Intelligence Battalion say a prayer for the unit’s safe
return before its members leave for Fort Stewart. Georgia in February 2003. National Guard archives.

Company H relocated to Fort Gillem in 2004.[7] With the establishment of the 560^th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade in 2009, the 221^st was transferred from the 78^th Troop Command to the Cumming-Ga.-based 560^th. In 2011 Company H, 121^st Infantry was reassigned to the 3^rd Squadron 108^th Cavalry and a new Company C was organized at Fort Gillem.[8]

ELLENWOOD, April 7, 2011 – Soldiers of the 221st Military Intelligence Battalion’s All Source Collection Element (ACE) Team were
welcomed back to Georgia during an early morning ceremony at the Georgia National Guard’s Joint Forces Headquarters. 

From 2010 to 2011, the 221^st staffed three analysis control element teams as part of the Kosovo Forces mission. Eighty Soldiers of Company A, 221^st completed a combat deployment to Afghanistan in 2013 and in 2016 the battalion sent personnel in support of Operation Inherent Resolve.

With the inactivation of the 560^th BFSB in 2015, the 221^st returned to the 78^th Troop Command. [9] As part of the inactivation the battalion lost Company C.

Georgia State Defense Force Sgt. Robert Flavin (center) assists Soldiers of the 221st Military Intelligence Battalion during an intelligence
gathering exercise at Fort Gillem August 4, 2007. Photo by Pfc. Adam Dean.

Beginning in 2018, teams of personnel from the 221^st were deployed across the globe in support of Joint Task Force Guantanamo, OIR, and Operation Freedom Sentinel. While maintaining a steady overseas deployment tempo the 221^st supported a myriad of exercises at home such as Panther Strike at Camp Williams Utah in 2012 and 2013.[10] Personnel of the 221^st assisted during the response to winter storms in 2014 and later that year participated in Operation Medical Ultimatum.[11] Soldiers of the 221^st MI were also instrumental in the development of the Georgia State Command Language Program. Within months of the establishment of the program the number of skilled foreign language practitioners in the Georgia National Guard had increased from 28 to 107.[12] Throughout its history, the 221^st has supported numerous overseas deployment training missions to Uganda, Rwanda, Malaysia and others.

FORT BENNING, Ga. March 4, 2017 – Georgia Army National Guard 2nd Lt. Amanda Orr of Headquarters Company, 221st Military
Intelligence Battalion engages targets with an M-16 during battalion training at Fort Benning. Georgia National Guard photo by Capt. William Carraway.

The 221^st was redesignated the 221^st Expeditionary Military Intelligence Battalion in September 2016.[13]

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[1] OA 1898 February 9, 1998 effective September 1, 1997.

[2] OA 19-98 (corrected copy) Change 1 February 1, 1999 effective February 9, 1998

[3] OA 30-02 March 7, 2002.

[4] “Britt Takes Reins of MI Battalion. The Georgia Guardsman Magazine, Summer 199, 22.

[5] Dennis Brown “The Day that Changed America.” Georgia Guardsman September 2011, 4.

[6] Georgia Department of Defense Annual Report 2006, 5.

[7] OA 84-04 April 5, 2004 effective February 1, 2004.

[8][8] OA 434-11 Corrected Copy 1 January 23, 2012 effective December 1, 2011.

[9] Georgia Department of Defense Annual Report 20015, 20.

[10] Georgia Department of Defense Annual Report 2012, 17.

[11] Georgia Department of Defense Annual Report 2014, 18.

[12] First Friday, March 2009, 20.

[13] OA 281-16 August 18, 2016 effective September 1, 2016.