A History of the 202nd Ordnance Company

 

Soldiers of the 202nd Ordnance Company Supported Operation Spartan Shield in the Central Command area of operations from October 2021
to August 2022. Photo courtesy of the 202nd Ordnance Co. 

By Major William Carraway

Historian, Georgia Army National Guard

 

The 202^nd Ordnance Company (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) was organized June 1, 1987,[1] and federally recognized September 15, 1987, in Decatur, Ga.[2] Upon organization, the unit was assigned to the 78^th Troop Command. The 202nd relocated to Forest Park, Ga. March 1, 1990, and on September 1, 1998, the unit was redesignated the 202^nd Ordnance Company.[3]

 

The Soldiers of the 202nd are capable of eliminating explosive hazards such as improvised explosive devices. To become an explosives ordnance disposal specialist, Soldiers must complete nearly one year of specialized training covering chemistry, robotics and methods used to detect and neutralize explosive threats. 

 

A 202nd Soldier prepares to X-Ray an IED
during team leader certification in April 2014.
Photo Courtesy of the 202nd Ordnance Co.

As part of troop movements for Operation Desert Shield, personnel of the 202nd were placed on alert and mobilized to Fort Drum, New York, December 7, 1990. The unit replaced an active Army unit that was mobilized to Saudi Arabia. While at Fort Drum, the 202^nd provided explosive ordnance disposal services for counties in New York, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The unit served on active duty at Fort Drum until May 20, 1991, and returned to state service May 24, 1991.[4]

 

In March 1999, the 202nd conducted a two-week overseas mission in Panama where it helped clear unexploded ammunition from small-arms and artillery ranges.[5] In December 2002, the 202nd entered federal service for Operation Noble Eagle and served on active duty through June 15, 2004, in support of security operations in the United States.[6] Upon its demobilization at Fort Bragg and subsequent return to Georgia, the 202nd relocated from Forest Park to Marietta.[7]

 

When the 78th TC received the Region IV Homeland Response Force mission assignment in 2010, the 202nd capabilities augmented the mission of saving lives in the event of a domestic terrorist or natural emergency. The 202nd participated in a series of exercises beginning with a joint exercise at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, in February 2010.

 

On July 21, 2011, the 202nd mobilized to Afghanistan, where its skillset helped protect coalition forces and Afghan civilians from the threat of unexploded IEDs and mines. The unit returned to Georgia August 24, 2012.[8]

 

An October 2013 reorganization of the Georgia National Guard resulted in the transfer of the 202nd from the 78th TC to the newly established 201st Regional Support Group. Assigned to the Marietta-based Joint Task Force 781^st Chemical, Biological, Radiological/Nuclear, and Explosive Enhanced Response Force-Package (CERFP), the 202^nd supported Exercise Vigilant Guard from March 27-April 2, 2017. In September 2017 Soldiers of the 202^nd mobilized with JTF 781 to Florida in response to Hurricane Irma. In March 2019, the 202nd was assigned to the 265th Chemical Battalion, part of the 201st RSG. Later that year, a team of marksmen from the 202^nd placed first in the Andrew Sullens Marksmanship Competition.[9]

 

The 202nd supported the 2nd Brigade 3rd Infantry Division at the Joint Readiness Training Center, Fort Polk, La. in September 2015. 
Photo courtesy of the 202nd Ordnance Co.

On March 27, 2020, the 202nd moved to its current armory in Waynesboro, Georgia.[10] Since that time, personnel of the 202nd supported the state’s coordinated response to the COVID-19 pandemic, augmented law enforcement in response to civil unrest and mobilized to Washington D.C. to support security operations for the presidential inauguration. On October 16, 2021, the 202^nd mobilized in support of Operation Spartan Shield. The unit returned from operations in the Central Command area of operations August 15, 2022.[11]

 

---

[1] National Guard Bureau, “Organizational Authority 79-87," June 1, 1987, effective September 1, 1987, amended December 31, 1987.

 

[2] National Guard Bureau, “Organizational Authority 233-87,” September 30, 1987.

 

[3] National Guard Bureau, “Organizational Authority 41-90,” February 20, 1990, effective March 1, 1990.

 

[4] Kenneth Davis, “After the Storm,” Georgia Guardsman Magazine, Fall 1991, 7.

 

[5] “EOD is an Explosive Business, Georgia National Guard Magazine, Summer, 1999, 8-9.

 

[6] Georgia Department of Defense, The Georgia Department of Defense Annual Report, 2004,  Atlanta: 2004, 11.

 

[7] National Guard Bureau, “Organizational Authority 181-04," September 24, 2004, effective December 1, 2004.

 

[8] U.S. Army Center for Military History, “Lineage and Honors of the 202^nd Ordnance Company,” December 21, 2012.

 

[9] Tori Miller, “Andrew Sullens Marksmanship Competition, 2019,” Georgia Guardsman Magazine, Q1 2019, 6-7.

 

[10] National Guard Bureau, “Organizational Authority 134-20,” July 4, 2020, effective July 1, 2020.

 

[11] William Carraway, “Citizen Soldiers of the 202^nd Ordnance Company embark on overseas deployment,” DVIDS, October 16, 2021, https://www.dvidshub.net/news/407409/citizen-soldiers-202nd-ordnance-company-embark-overseas-deployment

On the Border in 1916 and 2025: The 277th Support Maintenance Company

By Maj. William Carraway

Historian, Georgia Army National Guard

 

Soldiers of the 277th Support Maintenance Company mobilized to the Mexican Border in 1916 and 2024. Right photo courtesy of the Wisconsin National Guard.

In October 2024, the Georgia National Guard’s 277^th Support Maintenance Company mobilized to the southern border nearly 108 years to the day after its predecessor unit mobilized to El Paso, Texas with the Georgia Brigade. In addition to its two mobilizations to the border, the company mobilized Soldiers for the Spanish American War, both world wars, and supported overseas combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.

 

Captain James Hollis.

Organization and Early Years

The 277^th Support Maintenance Company perpetuates the lineage of the Atlanta Zouaves, which was organized July 14, 1887, under the command of Capt. J. B. Hollis.[1] With an initial strength of 34 Soldiers, the company assembled for drill at their armory at 24 ½ North Broads Street. Within a year of their organization, the Zouaves had established themselves as a quality unit winning first prize in competitions in Opelika, Ala. In August 1888 and Selma, Ala. In December 1888.[2]

 

On Memorial Day, 1889, the Atlanta Zouaves made their first public appearance in their new uniform. The Zouaves wore dark blue jackets trimmed with gold silk braid with red trousers with gold silk ornaments. Buff sashes, white leggings, and a light buff vest with blue silk braid accented the uniforms which were completed by red silk plush fezzes.[3]

 

The Zouaves were designated Company A of the 4^th Battalion of Infantry, Georgia Volunteers. April 16, 1890. On November 8, 1893, the company was redesignated Company A of the Atlanta-based 5^th Infantry Regiment.

 

Captain Asa Baker

The Spanish American Border

During the Spanish American War, the Atlanta Zouaves and other units of the 5^th
Infantry Regiment volunteered for federal service. Captain Amos Baker, commander of the Zouaves, was appointed to command Company E, 3^rd Georgia Volunteer Infantry Regiment which was the only regiment of Georgia National Guard troops to see overseas service during the war. Baker was accompanied by several Soldiers of the Atlanta Zouaves; however, the Zouaves did not mobilize overseas as a unit.

 

The Mexican Border

In July 1916, units of the Georgia National Guard were activated for federal service and mobilized to the Mexican Border in October. The Atlanta Zouaves, under the command of Capt. John Glover Crane Bloodworth Jr., was stationed at Camp Cotton near El Paso Texas where they manned outposts and conducted patrols along the border.

 

Markings on a haversack carried by a Soldier of the Atlanta Zouaves to the Mexican Border in 1916. Private collection.

World War I

Captain John Bloodworth Jr. in 1939.
Georgia National Guard Archives.

Returning to Georgia in March 1917, the Zouaves remained on active duty due to the U.S. declaration of war on Germany. In October, the 5^th Infantry Regiment was redesignated the 122^nd Infantry Regiment, with the Zouaves continuing to serve as Company A. The 122^nd trained at Camp Wheeler near Macon, Ga. with other units of the 31^st Division until mobilized to France in October 1918. The 245 Soldiers of Company A, under Capt. Bloodworth, departed for France from Hoboken, N. J. October 7, 1918, aboard the SS Kroonland. The Soldiers of the 31st Division arrived too late to take an active part in combat operations. Returning to Georgia in 1919, the Zouaves and 122^nd Infantry Regiment were mustered out of federal service.

 

Interwar and World War II

Nearly five years would pass before the post reorganization of the Georgia National Guard was complete. The Atlanta Zouaves was organized and federally recognized in Atlanta March 5, 1924, in the Georgia National Guard as Companies A and B, 200th Infantry.[4] The companies were redesignated June 9, 1924 as Companies A and B of the Atlanta-based 122nd Infantry Regiment.[5] On July 1, 1939, the companies were converted and redesignated as Batteries A and B of the 179th Field Artillery Regiment.[6]

 

A Howitzer assigned to Battery A, 179th Field Artillery Regiment. Photo by Pfc. Matthew Starnes.

The 179^th FA was inducted into federal service February 24, 1941, in Atlanta and mobilized to Camp Blanding Florida for initial training.[7] The 179^th conducted training during maneuvers in North Carolina and Mississippi before reaching Fort Sill in March 1943 where the 179^th was reorganized with Company A and B continuing in service with the 179^th Field Artillery Battalion. The 179^th mobilized to the European Theater of the war, landing at Utah Beach August 12, 1944. The 179^th FA provided fire support from the Normandy campaign to Germany. Returning home following World War II, the 179^th was inactivated December 9, 1945, at Camp Patrick Henry, Va.[8]

 

Post-WWII Reorganization and Service

On July 5, 1946, the 179^th was reorganized and assigned to the division artillery of the 48^th Infantry Division.[9] The unit was federally recognized in Atlanta May 2, 1947.

FORT STEWART, Ga.  1959 - Two M55 self-propelled howitzers of the 1st Rocket/Howitzer Battalion, 179th Field Artillery during annual training
of the 48th Armored Division at Fort Stewart, Ga.  .National Guard Educational Foundation, Washington D.C.

In 1955, the 48^th Infantry Division was reorganized as an armor division, though the organization of the 179^th was unchanged.[10] On July 1, 1959, the 179^th was reorganized and redesignated the 1^st Rocket Howitzer Battalion.[11] The 179^th FA served until January 1, 1968, when it was converted to form the 177^th Engineer Company.[12] The unit was reorganized and redesignated July 1, 1971 as Company B, 878th Engineer Battalion,[13] and on December 1, 1971, received its current designation as the 277^th Support Maintenance Company.[14]

 

Mobilizations and Missions of the 277^th SMC

On September 1, 1997, the 277^th moved to its present location in Kennesaw.[15]

The 277^th was ordered into active federal service February 10, 2003, at Kennesaw for service during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The unit returned to state control June 19, 2004.

 

May 2, 2010: Soldiers of the 277th Support Maintenance Company stand in formation during a departure ceremony before deploying to Afghanistan in support of
Operation Enduring Freedom. Georgia National Guard Archives.

The 277^th was again ordered into active federal service April 29, 2010, for Operation Enduring Freedom and was released from active federal service June 2, 2011. For its efforts in Afghanistan, the 277^th was awarded the Meritorious Unit Citation.

 

In addition to overseas service, the 277^th SMC has supported numerous emergency response operations including multiple hurricane response missions and the state’s COVID-19 response effort. The capabilities of the 277^th have also been called upon to support Army mobilizations and training. In April 2019, the 277^th sent a platoon to the Joint Readiness Center at Fort Polk, La. From February 10 to March 14, 2022, the 277^th mobilized 30 personnel to Camp Shelby, Miss. in support of the premobilization training of an Army Reserve unit. The unit conducted annual training at Camp Dodge, Iowa in August 2023.

 

In October 2024, the 277^th SMC mobilized to the U.S. border with Mexico, nearly 108 years after its predecessor unit, the Atlanta Zouaves, boarded a train in Macon bound for border security duty. Under the direction of U.S. Northern Command and Joint Task Force North, the 277^th SMC supported U.S. Customs and Border Protection operations through fiscal year 2025.

---

[1] “Officers Commissioned,” Columbus Enquirer Sun, July 19, 1887, 1.

 

[2] “They Got There,” Atlanta Constitution, December 28, 1888, 88.

 

[3] “The Atlanta Zouaves,” Atlanta Constitution, March 25, 1889, 4.

 

[4] U.S. Army Center of Military History, MB 325.4-Georgia-Feb. 27, 1924, Washington DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, NP.

 

[5] U.S. Army Center of Military History, MB 325.4-Georgia-June 2, 1924, Washington DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, NP.

 

[6] U.S. Army Center of Military History, Lineage and Honors, 122^nd Infantry Regiment, Washington DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, August 1955.

 

[7] U.S. Army Center of Military History, Lineage and Honors, 277^th Maintenance Company, Washington DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, ND.

 

[8] William Carraway. Historic Georgia Guard Units Join the Fight in France: The 179th and 945th FA Battalions Enter the ETO August 12, 1944. http://www.georgiaguardhistory.com/2019/08/historic-georgia-guard-units-join-fight.html

 

[9] Military Department, State of Georgia, General Orders No. 17, Atlanta, December 31, 1946.

 

[10] National Guard Bureau, NG AROTO 325.4 (30 Sept 55) -Ga., Washington DC, October 17, 1955.

[11] National Guard Bureau, Reorganizational Authority 73-59, Washington DC: June 10, 1959.

 

[12] National Guard Bureau, Reorganizational Authority 71-67, Washington DC: December 14, 1967.

 

[13] National Guard Bureau, Reorganizational Authority 135-71, Washington DC, July 1, 1971.

 

[14] National Guard Bureau, Reorganizational Authority 190-71, Washington DC, December 1, 1971.

 

[15] National Guard Bureau, Organizational Authority 199-97, Washington DC, August 22, 1997.

 

History of the Macon Volunteers 1825-2025: The Second Seminole War

By Major William Carraway

Historian, Georgia National Guard

 

Crest of the Macon Volunteers with Macon Volunteers, National Guard heritage painting by Jackson Walker.

Mobilization

On January 13, 1836, Georgia Governor William Schley, in anticipation of hostile actions by a combined force Creeks in Alabama and Seminoles in Florida, issued a proclamation for volunteer companies to be prepared to serve in defense of their state.[1] On February 5, 1836, the Macon Volunteers, 92 strong, assembled under the command of Capt. Isaac G. Seymour in Macon. [2] An 1825 graduate of Yale University, Seymour was a lawyer and editor of the Georgia Messenger.[3]

 

Captain Isaac Seymour's service record in the Records of Soldiers Who Served in Volunteer Organizations During the Indian Wars, National Archives.

The Volunteers were one of five companies assigned to the 1^st Georgia Battalion commanded by Maj. Mark Anthony Cooper.[4] In addition to the Macon Volunteers, the battalion was comprised of the Morgan County Guard, Monroe Musketeers, State Fencibles and Hancock Blues.[5] Governor William Schley addressed the assembled troops before the Soldiers departed by boat travelling down the Ocmulgee River.[6]

 

The battalion travelled to Florida by way of Darien, Ga. and was mustered into federal service February 18, 1836, at Picolata, Fla. With an aggregate strength of approximately 380 Soldiers, the 1^st Battalion was assigned to the federal division of Brig. Gen. Duncan L. Clinch.[7] The overall commander of the operation against the Seminoles was Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott.

 

The Campaign Begins

On March 26, 1836, Clinch, accompanied by Scott, marched his units from Fort Drane in present-day Marion County, Fla. with a force of more than 3,000 troops including 1,248 militia. His objective, as defined by Scott, was to threaten the Seminole stronghold in the Cove of the Withlacoochee. This area presented foreboding terrain for the advance with dense pine forests and swamps.

 

After marching ten miles on the first day the Soldiers made camp. A detail was dispatched to help retrieve two baggage wagons that had become stuck along the route of march from Fort Drane. Part of the detail included Pvts. Turner Bryan, E. B. Cotton, A. J. Mitchell, and J. W. Thompson of the Macon Volunteers.[8]

 

Reaching the wagons, the detachment of Soldiers was attacked by Seminoles. Two of the Volunteers escaped on horseback while the other two survived by concealing themselves behind fallen logs before returning to camp.[9]

 

On March 29, the Seminoles struck Clinch’s column while the troops were crossing a stream. Acting as the advance guard for the crossing the Macon Volunteers were swiftly taken under fire. Three Soldiers of the Macon Volunteers; Pvt. James L. Williams, Pvt. James M. Danelly, and Pvt. James T. Lewellen, were wounded before the Seminoles withdrew.[10]

 

The Bravest Man in the Army

Clinch column continued on for another 30 miles enroute to Fort Brook in Tampa, but its progress was slowed by the requirements of the wounded and the need to care for sick men. During one tense evening, one of many in which the Soldiers expected the Seminoles to fall on them without warning, pickets posted on sentinel duty raised the alarm that an attack was in progress. The entire camp sprang to alert only to find that there was no enemy force, but one Macon Volunteer, Cpl. Eliphalet Edgerton Brown. Brown had been too ill to accompany the Volunteers when they left Picolata with Clinch’s Column on March 26 and had been left behind. Yet there he stood, like an apparition in the moonlight. Taken to headquarters, Brown presented Gen. Scott with urgent dispatches. When these documents had arrived at Picolata, Brown volunteered to ride 90 miles alone through enemy territory to deliver them. Scott promptly offered Brown a drink from his flask and proclaimed Brown the “bravest man in the Army.”[11]

 

Corporal Eliphalet Brown's service record in the Records of Soldiers Who Served in Volunteer Organizations During the Indian Wars, National Archives.

Fort Cooper

Upon reaching a site with fresh water, Clinch detached the 1^st Georgia Battalion including the Macon Volunteers to protect the wounded and sick while he continued on with the bulk of his force. Cooper directed the erection of fortifications, and the Volunteers labored to establish the fort on a bluff overlooking Holathikaha Lake. While constructing Fort Cooper, the Soldiers were under constant fire from the Seminoles who surrounded and lay siege to the fortification. The Georgians and Seminoles exchanged fire though the vegetation was so thick in places that combatants could scarcely see each other. The Seminoles also targeted the Soldier’s provisions killing cattle during the night and preventing forage during the day. With supplies dwindling, Cooper was compelled to kill his horse to supply meat for the wounded. For more than three weeks, the Soldiers withstood Seminole attacks on Fort Cooper before being relieved April 27.[12]

 

Following their engagement, the longest of the Second Seminole War, The Georgia Battalion and Macon Volunteers returned to Fort Drane and were mustered out of federal service May 15, 1836. [13]

 

Welcome Home

Returning to Macon, the Volunteers were received by the city with a grand dinner. Marching in procession from the Central Hotel, the Volunteers followed their colors, recently pierced by enemy projectiles, to a warehouse which had been converted to a massive dining hall complete with a double row of tables. Speakers recounted the hardships and sacrifices endured by the Volunteers on campaign and toasts were raised to honor Macon’s military heroes. Newspaper accounts of the reception reported that “no lack of provisions or liquors (were) found.[14]

Eliphalet Edgerton Brown, whom Gen. Scott had lauded as the “bravest man in the Army” was elected magistrate upon his return, serving for 18 years and was subsequently elected alderman. For decades, he was a successful hotel owner and operator. In 1880 he built the Edgerton Hotel. When he died June 12, 1886, he was one of only seven remaining Macon Volunteer veterans of the Second Seminole War. His funeral was attended en masse by the Macon Volunteers.[15]

Roster of Seymour’s Company, Macon Volunteers, Second Seminole War[16]

 

Seymour, Isaac Gurdun. - Captain

Connor, Zephaniah Turner. - 1^st Lieutenant

Council, J. T. -2^nd Lieutenant

Ellsworth, John - Ensign

Holmes, Isaac - 1^st Sergeant

Shelton, E. L. - 2^nd Sergeant

Rowland, W. P. - 3^rd Sergeant

Lewis, F. F. - 4^th Sergeant

Reid, David - 5^th Sergeant

Brown, E. E. - 1^st Corporal

Ross, B. F. - 2^nd Corporal

Holmes, William, - 3^rd Corporal

Robinson, R. P. - 4^th Corporal

Carver, Robert - 5^th Corporal

Butler, John - Drummer

Almon, B. W.

Barrow, David

Bassett, Richard

Bell, A. W. – enlisted in Fry’s Company Illinois Mounted Volunteers. Transferred

Bennett, J. R.

Berrecke, C.

Bereck, Cosnard

Blunt, (Blount) Thomas– enlisted in Allen’s Company Georgia Mounted Volunteers. Transferred

Bourke, (Burke) Philip

Boyce, J. J.

Boyle, J. J.

Brumberlow, C.

Brown, A. D.

Bryan, Turner

Buckley, (Bulkey) E. C.

Burdine, John

Burr, A. P.

Cain, James C.

Caspers, W. C.

Church, R. E.

Clarke, J. C. F.

Cotton, E. B.

Cunningham, James– enlisted in Rogers Company Alabama Mounted Volunteers. Transferred

Daniel, Amariah

Dannelly, James M.

Delanny, James L.

Earle, R. G.

Edmund

Ellis, James M.

Field, John M.

Finnighan, Solomon

Fitch, Horace

Fort, J. E.

Foster, A. H.

Hansel, Joiner

Harvey, W. H.

Hickman, R. S.

Hill, H. B

Hodgkins, Daniel

Howland, C. L.

Huey A. S.

Hughes, W. H.

Huson, F. A.

Lamar, J. B.

Lewellen, James T.

Mallory, George W.

McCarty, F. W.

McCarty, Francis

McCarty, R. E.

McCarty, R. S.

Mills, H. T.

Mitchell, A. J.

Mitchell, Jesse

Nixon, H. D.

Oliver John– enlisted in Keener’s Company Alabama Mounted Volunteers. Transferred

Pendleton, P. C.

Redding, H. P.

Robert

Rodgers, D. R.

Rodgers, M.W.

Rodgers, Wiley

Scott, John M.

Sewell, (Sewal) Layton

Sinclair, R.

Smith, J. P.

Stanley, S. H. *listed twice

Saulsberry, J. L.

Saulsberry, T. J.

Thompson, J. W.

Thompson, William– enlisted in Blount’s Company Alabama Militia Volunteers. Transferred

Tison, W. H.

Toris, F. A.

Warner, B. R.

Wells, Joseph E.

White, Joseph A.

William

Williams, E. D.

Williams, James– enlisted in Coffey’s Company Alabama Mounted Volunteers. Transferred

Williams, James L.

Wimberly, T. D.

Wood, George

Wright, W. L.

Wyche, C.C.

---

[1] John C. Butler, Historical Record of Macon and Central Georgia, (Macon, Ga. J. W. Burke & Co., 1879), 124.

 

[2] John C. Butler, Historical Record of Macon and Central Georgia, (Macon, Ga. J. W. Burke & Co., 1879), 125.

 

[3] “Isaac Gurden Seymour,” https://ledger.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ledger/students/2271

 

[4] Gordon Burns Smith, History of the Georgia Militia: 1783-1861 Volume 1: Campaigns and Generals, (Milledgeville, GA: Boyd Publishing, 2000), 179.

 

[5] Gordon Burns Smith, History of the Georgia Militia: 1783-1861 Volume 1: Campaigns and Generals, (Milledgeville, GA: Boyd Publishing, 2000), 183.

 

[6] George M. Sparks, Same Spirit To Do and Dare Now as of Yore is in Breasts of Volunteers,” Macon Telegraph, July 2, 1916, 30.

[7] Gordon Burns Smith, History of the Georgia Militia: 1783-1861 Volume 1: Campaigns and Generals, (Milledgeville, GA: Boyd Publishing, 2000), 179.

 

[8] “From Florida,” The Weekly Telegraph, May 5, 1836, 5.

 

[9] “On Tampa Bay, April 6^th 1836,” Georgia Journal and Messenger, May 5, 1836, 5.

 

[10] John C. Butler, Historical Record of Macon and Central Georgia, (Macon, Ga. J. W. Burke & Co, 1879), 129.

[11] George M. Sparks, Same Spirit To Do and Dare Now as of Yore is in Breasts of Volunteers,” Macon Telegraph, July 2, 1916, 30.

 

[12] Gordon Burns Smith, History of the Georgia Militia: 1783-1861 Volume 1: Campaigns and Generals, Milledgeville, GA: Boyd Publishing, 2000, 180.

 [13] Gordon Burns Smith, History of the Georgia Militia: 1783-1861 Volume 1: Campaigns and Generals. (Milledgeville, GA: Boyd Publishing, 2000), 183.

 

[14] The Weekly Telegraph, June 2, 1836, 3. 

 

[15] “Death of Judge E. E. Brown,” Macon Telegraph, June 13, 1886, 7. 

[16] National Archives, US Indian War Service Records index, 1815-1858.